Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Clostridium butyricum is a probiotic bacterium that has been studied as an adjunct or alternative to antibiotics, particularly for its role in maintaining gut health and modulating the intestinal microbiota. Multiple clinical and preclinical studies suggest that C. butyricum supplementation can help restore microbiota balance disrupted by antibiotic use and may even prevent or reduce antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The proposed mechanisms include production of short-chain fatty acids (notably butyrate), enhancement of the gut barrier function, and competitive exclusion of pathogenic bacteria. Some studies in animals and humans indicate that C. butyricum can reduce the colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as Clostridioides difficile and Salmonella when administered alongside or after antibiotic therapy. In addition, clinical trials in Asia (notably Japan and China) have found that C. butyricum can be effective in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea and supporting the recovery of normal gut flora. However, while there is growing evidence of benefit, most studies position C. butyricum as a supportive measure rather than a direct substitute for antibiotics in treating infections. The quality of evidence varies, with some randomized controlled trials but also many small or non-blinded studies. Thus, while the scientific rationale is solid and supported by moderate-quality evidence, more robust, large-scale clinical trials are needed to further clarify its role as an alternative to antibiotics.

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