Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

The neem tree (Azadirachta indica) has been used in traditional medicine for centuries, particularly in South Asia, for its purported antimicrobial properties. In recent decades, scientific studies have investigated these traditional claims. Laboratory experiments have shown that extracts from neem leaves, bark, and oil possess antibacterial activity against a variety of pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as nimbidin, azadirachtin, and nimbolide. However, while in vitro (test tube) studies demonstrate antimicrobial action, robust clinical trials in humans are limited. There is little high-quality evidence to support neem as a replacement for conventional antibiotics in the treatment of serious or systemic infections. Most studies are preliminary, often using cell cultures or animal models, and results in human populations are not well established. Neem may have a role as an adjunct or for topical minor infections, but it should not be considered a full alternative to antibiotics. Thus, while scientific investigation supports some antimicrobial activity, the overall strength of evidence is low (rated 2/5) for neem as an antibiotic alternative, pending further clinical research.

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