Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Phenolic diterpenes, especially those found in certain medicinal plants like rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and sage (Salvia officinalis), such as carnosic acid and carnosol, have been investigated for their antimicrobial properties. Scientific studies, primarily in vitro, demonstrate that these compounds exhibit activity against a range of Gram-positive and, to a lesser extent, Gram-negative bacteria. Research has shown that phenolic diterpenes can disrupt bacterial membranes, inhibit biofilm formation, and impair bacterial enzyme systems. Some studies suggest a potential for these compounds to work synergistically with conventional antibiotics, possibly helping to reduce antibiotic resistance or enhance antibiotic efficacy.

However, most of the evidence to date is preclinical and derived from laboratory-based assays; clinical studies in humans are limited or non-existent. As such, while there is a scientific basis for exploring phenolic diterpenes as alternatives or adjuncts to antibiotics, especially in the context of multidrug-resistant bacteria, their use is not yet validated in clinical practice. The evidence base is moderate (rated 3), reflecting promising but still preliminary data. Further research, including well-designed human trials, is necessary before phenolic diterpenes can be recommended as antibiotic alternatives in medical settings.

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