Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Polysaccharides, particularly those derived from medicinal mushrooms (such as beta-glucans from Coriolus versicolor or Lentinula edodes), seaweed (alginates, fucoidans), and certain plants (arabinogalactans, pectins), have been explored as supportive agents alongside antibiotics, rather than direct alternatives. The rationale is that these polysaccharides can modulate the immune system, enhance host defense mechanisms, or help restore gut microbiota disrupted by antibiotic therapy. Some preclinical and limited clinical studies have shown that specific polysaccharides can enhance phagocytic activity, stimulate cytokine production, and improve resistance to infections in animal models. There is also evidence that prebiotic polysaccharides may reduce the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in humans by supporting beneficial gut bacteria. However, direct antibiotic-like effects are weak or absent; polysaccharides do not typically inhibit bacteria in vitro at clinically relevant concentrations. The evidence base is still emerging, with most data from laboratory and animal studies and only a few small, low-quality human trials, particularly in the context of immunocompromised individuals or as adjuncts in infection management. In summary, while polysaccharides are not alternatives to antibiotics, some scientific support exists for their use as adjuncts to help modulate immunity and mitigate antibiotic side effects, but the quality and quantity of evidence are currently limited.

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