Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Star anise (Illicium verum) has a history of use in traditional medicine, but its modern association as an alternative or adjunct to antibiotics is primarily supported by emerging scientific evidence, though this evidence is still preliminary. The most significant scientific interest in star anise relates to its content of shikimic acid, which is a precursor for the synthesis of oseltamivir (Tamiflu), an antiviral medication, not an antibiotic. However, several in vitro studies have demonstrated that star anise extracts possess antimicrobial activity against certain bacteria and fungi due to compounds such as anethole and flavonoids. These studies suggest that star anise exhibits inhibitory effects on pathogens like Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Despite these findings, there is a lack of robust clinical research in humans to confirm its efficacy as a substitute for or complement to antibiotics. Therefore, while star anise does have demonstrated antimicrobial properties in laboratory settings, the current evidence is not strong enough to support its routine use as an alternative to antibiotics in clinical practice. The evidence rating is 2, reflecting promising but limited and preliminary scientific data.

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