Evidence supporting the use of: Bacillus (mixed)
For the health condition: Antibiotics (side effects of)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Bacillus species, particularly in mixed probiotic formulations, have been studied for their potential to mitigate the side effects of antibiotics, primarily antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Antibiotic use can disrupt the normal gut microbiota, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms. Several clinical studies and meta-analyses have evaluated the efficacy of Bacillus-based probiotics—most commonly Bacillus clausii—in reducing the incidence and severity of AAD. For example, randomized controlled trials have shown that Bacillus clausii supplementation can significantly lower the risk of diarrhea in both children and adults receiving antibiotics. The presumed mechanisms include competitive inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, restoration of gut microbial balance, and production of antimicrobial substances.

Although Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces species are more frequently used and studied, Bacillus species are favored in some settings due to their spore-forming nature, which allows them to survive harsh gastric conditions and reach the intestine alive. Guidelines, such as those from the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN), acknowledge the possible benefit of certain Bacillus strains for preventing AAD, though they note that evidence is moderate and strain-specific. Overall, Bacillus (mixed) probiotics are supported by a moderate level of scientific evidence for alleviating some antibiotic side effects, especially diarrhea, but further well-designed studies are needed to clarify efficacy and optimal strains/doses.

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