Evidence supporting the use of: Bacillus subtilis
For the health condition: Antibiotics (side effects of)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Bacillus subtilis is a probiotic bacterium that has been studied for its potential to support gut health, particularly during or after antibiotic therapy. Antibiotics, while targeting pathogenic bacteria, can also disrupt the natural balance of the gut microbiota, leading to side effects such as diarrhea, bloating, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections like Clostridioides difficile. Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that B. subtilis can help restore this balance by competitively inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, producing antimicrobial compounds, and enhancing intestinal barrier function.

Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have examined the efficacy of B. subtilis-containing probiotics for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). For example, a 2017 systematic review found that multi-strain probiotics containing B. subtilis reduced the incidence of AAD in both children and adults. The proposed mechanisms include secretion of antimicrobial peptides, modulation of the immune response, and promotion of beneficial bacterial growth.

However, while the evidence is supportive, it is not as extensive or robust as it is for more commonly used probiotics like Lactobacillus or Saccharomyces boulardii. The overall quality of evidence is moderate, with some variability in study design and probiotic formulations used. Nevertheless, scientific validation exists for the use of B. subtilis in mitigating some side effects of antibiotics, especially regarding gut health and prevention of diarrhea.

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