Evidence supporting the use of: Lactobacillus
For the health condition: Antibiotics (side effects of)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Lactobacillus is commonly used to support or treat side effects of antibiotics, particularly antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Scientific evidence, including multiple randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, supports its efficacy in reducing the incidence and severity of diarrhea caused by antibiotic therapy. The proposed mechanism involves the restoration and maintenance of healthy gut microbiota, which can be disrupted by broad-spectrum antibiotics. Lactobacillus species, as probiotics, help re-establish a balanced microbial environment, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and may enhance the mucosal barrier and immune response in the gut. A 2012 Cochrane review of 63 randomized trials concluded that probiotics, including Lactobacillus, reduce the risk of AAD in both adults and children. Some studies also suggest specific benefit in preventing Clostridioides difficile–associated diarrhea, a serious complication of antibiotic use. However, the magnitude of benefit can vary depending on the specific Lactobacillus strain, dose, and patient population. While generally regarded as safe for most individuals, caution is advised for immunocompromised patients. Overall, the use of Lactobacillus for preventing or reducing antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal side effects is scientifically validated, though optimal strains and dosage are still being refined by ongoing research.

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