Cowslip (Primula veris) has a long history of use in traditional European herbal medicine, particularly for its calming and sedative effects. Historically, cowslip flowers and roots were used in teas and tinctures to help with nervousness, restlessness, and mild anxiety. Traditional herbalists believed that cowslip had gentle nervine and anxiolytic properties, making it suitable for supporting emotional well-being and easing symptoms of mild anxiety or insomnia. However, scientific validation for these uses is limited. While cowslip contains saponins, flavonoids, and other phytochemicals that may possess mild sedative or calming effects, clinical studies specifically evaluating its efficacy for anxiety in humans are lacking. Most evidence remains anecdotal or derived from historical texts and ethnobotanical records. Some in vitro and animal studies suggest possible central nervous system effects, but these findings have not been robustly translated into human clinical research. In summary, the use of cowslip for anxiety is primarily justified by traditional use rather than scientific evidence. While it has a reputation in folk medicine and is sometimes included in herbal blends for relaxation, healthcare providers and consumers should be aware of the limited clinical data and use caution, especially given the potential for allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.