Fatty acids, particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been studied for their potential role in supporting or treating anxiety. There is a scientific basis for their use, although the evidence is not robust and remains somewhat mixed, thus meriting a moderate evidence rating.

Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have investigated the effects of omega-3 supplementation on symptoms of anxiety. A 2018 meta-analysis published in JAMA Network Open found that omega-3 supplementation led to a small but statistically significant reduction in anxiety symptoms compared to placebo, especially in clinical populations. However, the size of the effect was modest, and not all studies have demonstrated benefit. The mechanism is thought to involve the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3s and their role in modulating neurotransmitter systems related to mood and anxiety regulation.

Guidelines from major psychiatric organizations do not currently recommend omega-3 fatty acids as a first-line treatment for anxiety disorders. However, they may be considered as adjunctive therapy, particularly in individuals with comorbid inflammatory conditions or those who are unable to tolerate standard pharmacologic treatments.

In summary, there is scientific evidence—though limited—for the use of omega-3 fatty acids in supporting anxiety treatment, but more research is needed to establish clear recommendations.