Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Citrus oils, particularly those derived from orange (Citrus sinensis) and bergamot (Citrus bergamia), have been traditionally used in aromatherapy to promote relaxation and reduce symptoms of anxiety. Emerging scientific evidence suggests a modest but promising role for citrus oil aromatherapy in alleviating anxiety disorders. Several randomized controlled trials have examined the effects of inhaling citrus oil vapors on anxiety levels in various settings, such as dental offices, preoperative care, and in individuals with generalized anxiety. For example, a 2013 study published in Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine found that inhalation of sweet orange essential oil significantly reduced anxiety and improved mood in participants undergoing stressful situations. Similarly, a 2015 systematic review in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine noted that bergamot essential oil aromatherapy was associated with reduced anxiety in both clinical and healthy populations.

The proposed mechanisms include modulation of the limbic system via olfactory pathways, as well as possible interaction with neurotransmitter systems involved in mood regulation, such as serotonin and GABA. However, the overall quality of evidence is limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneity in study design, and subjective outcome measures. While citrus oils are generally considered safe for aromatherapy, more rigorous studies are needed to confirm their efficacy and define optimal administration protocols for anxiety disorders. Thus, scientific support exists but is not yet robust, warranting a moderate-low evidence rating.

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