Lipids, a diverse group of fat-like molecules, play a crucial role in maintaining arterial health, supported by substantial scientific evidence. Essential fatty acids—particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in fish oil and certain plant oils—have been extensively studied for their cardiovascular benefits. Numerous randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce triglyceride levels, lower blood pressure slightly, decrease arterial inflammation, and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis (the buildup of plaques in arteries).

The mechanisms by which lipids support arterial health include their anti-inflammatory effects, ability to stabilize heart rhythms, and improvement of endothelial function (the inner lining of arteries). For example, the American Heart Association recommends the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids for cardiovascular health, citing strong evidence for their role in reducing cardiovascular events, especially in individuals with existing heart disease.

However, it is important to distinguish between types of dietary lipids. While unsaturated fats (especially omega-3s and omega-6s in moderation) are beneficial, excessive intake of saturated fats and trans fats is associated with increased arterial plaque formation and higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Thus, not all lipids are beneficial to arteries, but certain types—especially omega-3 fatty acids—are scientifically validated as supportive of arterial health.