Evidence supporting the use of: Vitamin K (menaquinone)
For the health condition: Arteriosclerosis

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin K, specifically the menaquinone forms (Vitamin K2), has gained scientific interest for its potential role in supporting cardiovascular health, including the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis (arterial stiffening and calcification). The scientific rationale centers on Vitamin K2’s function as a cofactor for the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which activates matrix Gla-protein (MGP), a potent inhibitor of vascular calcification. Observational studies, such as the Rotterdam Study, have reported that higher dietary intake of Vitamin K2 is associated with reduced risk of coronary artery calcification and cardiovascular mortality. Additionally, small interventional trials have demonstrated that Vitamin K2 supplementation can slow the progression of arterial stiffness in healthy postmenopausal women and individuals with chronic kidney disease.

However, the overall quality of the evidence is limited. Most studies are observational or involve small sample sizes, and there is a lack of large, randomized controlled trials definitively demonstrating that Vitamin K2 supplementation can prevent or reverse arteriosclerosis in the general population. Current clinical guidelines do not recommend Vitamin K supplementation specifically for arteriosclerosis due to insufficient evidence. Thus, while there is a plausible biological mechanism and some supportive data, the scientific validation remains preliminary, and the strength of evidence is rated at 2/5.

More about Vitamin K (menaquinone)
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