Evidence supporting the use of: Dopamine
For the health condition: Attention Deficit Disorder

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Dopamine itself is not directly administered to treat Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD/ADHD); rather, the scientific rationale for its involvement in treatment is well-established. Stimulant medications such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, which are first-line treatments for ADHD, exert their therapeutic effects primarily by increasing synaptic concentrations of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, particularly in the prefrontal cortex. Numerous neuroimaging and biochemical studies have shown that individuals with ADHD often have dysregulated dopamine signaling or lower availability of dopamine transporters and receptors in key brain regions involved in attention and executive function.

The efficacy of stimulant medications, which enhance dopaminergic neurotransmission, is supported by a large body of randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. These studies consistently demonstrate improvement in core symptoms of ADHD, such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, in both children and adults. Non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine, which primarily acts on norepinephrine but also has downstream effects on dopamine, further support the centrality of dopamine in ADHD pathology.

It should be noted, however, that direct supplementation of dopamine (for example, through oral dopamine or intravenous infusion) is not used for ADHD, as dopamine does not cross the blood-brain barrier effectively. Instead, medications are used that modulate the dopamine system indirectly. In summary, there is strong scientific evidence for the role of dopamine in the treatment of ADHD, but not for the use of dopamine as a direct supplement or drug.

More about Dopamine
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