Black seed (Nigella sativa) has a long history of traditional use in Middle Eastern and South Asian medicine, including for immune-related conditions. In recent years, scientific interest has grown regarding its potential role in autoimmune disorders due to its active compound, thymoquinone, which has demonstrated immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties in laboratory settings. Several in vitro and animal studies have shown that black seed extracts can modulate immune responses and reduce markers of inflammation, which are relevant to autoimmune disease pathology.

For example, some animal studies have found that Nigella sativa oil can reduce the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (an animal model for multiple sclerosis) and can improve symptoms in models of rheumatoid arthritis. These effects are generally attributed to the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the modulation of T-cell activity.

However, clinical evidence in humans remains limited. Small pilot studies in humans with conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis have suggested some benefit, but these studies are preliminary and often lack rigorous controls. Systematic reviews frequently conclude that while the preclinical data are promising, more robust clinical trials are needed before black seed can be recommended as a treatment for autoimmune disorders.

In summary, Nigella sativa is used for autoimmune support based on both traditional use and growing, but still preliminary, scientific evidence—warranting a modest evidence rating.