Evidence supporting the use of: Gamma linolenic acid (GLA)
For the health condition: Autoimmune Disorders

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is an omega-6 fatty acid found in oils such as evening primrose oil, borage oil, and black currant seed oil. Its use in autoimmune disorders is grounded in scientific rationale, although high-quality clinical evidence is limited. GLA is converted in the body to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), a precursor to anti-inflammatory prostaglandins (notably PGE1), which may help modulate immune responses and inflammation. Dysregulation of inflammatory pathways—including those mediated by prostaglandins and leukotrienes—plays a significant role in many autoimmune diseases. Several small clinical trials and laboratory studies have investigated GLA’s effects in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Some studies suggest modest benefits in reducing joint pain, morning stiffness, and disease activity in RA patients who supplement with GLA-containing oils, but results are inconsistent and often hampered by small sample sizes and methodological limitations. The evidence for other autoimmune disorders is sparse and largely preliminary. Authoritative reviews, including those by Cochrane and the American College of Rheumatology, generally regard the evidence as insufficient to recommend GLA as a primary or adjunct treatment for autoimmune diseases. However, the plausible anti-inflammatory mechanism and historical use in traditional medicine (especially for inflammatory conditions) justify its ongoing investigation. In summary, while there is a scientific rationale and some preliminary clinical support, robust and consistent evidence is lacking.

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Other health conditions supported by gamma linolenic acid (GLA)

Arthritis
Autoimmune Disorders
Eczema
PMS (general)
PMS Type H
Psoriasis
Rheumatoid Arthritis