Glycyrrhizin, a major active compound in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), has been studied for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Scientific research—mostly preclinical and limited clinical studies—suggests that glycyrrhizin can modulate immune responses, partly by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and by suppressing NF-κB activation. These actions are relevant to autoimmune diseases, which typically involve dysregulation of immune and inflammatory pathways.

Animal models have shown that glycyrrhizin can ameliorate symptoms in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis. A few small clinical trials and case reports have suggested benefits in autoimmune hepatitis and other autoimmune-related liver disorders, where glycyrrhizin infusions are an accepted adjunct therapy in some countries (notably Japan).

However, robust clinical evidence in humans is lacking. Most studies are preliminary, have small sample sizes, or lack rigorous controls. Safety is also a concern, as glycyrrhizin can cause side effects such as hypertension, hypokalemia, and pseudoaldosteronism, especially with long-term use.

In summary, while there is a scientific basis for exploring glycyrrhizin in autoimmune disorders, the quality and quantity of evidence remain low (rated 2/5), and more well-designed human trials are needed before it can be universally recommended.