Evidence supporting the use of: Vitamin D (mixed)
For the health condition: Autoimmune Disorders

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Vitamin D has a scientific basis for use in supporting autoimmune disorders, though the evidence is mixed and varies by specific condition. Vitamin D is known to play a crucial role in immune system regulation. Epidemiological studies show that lower serum vitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Clinical trials have investigated vitamin D supplementation as a way to modulate immune responses and potentially reduce disease activity in these conditions.

For example, in multiple sclerosis, some randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses suggest that vitamin D supplementation may reduce relapse rates and improve MRI outcomes, though the benefits are modest and not universally observed. In rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, results are less consistent, with some studies reporting minor improvements in disease markers and others showing little effect. The proposed mechanisms involve vitamin D’s ability to shift immune responses from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory pathways.

Major guidelines, such as those from the National Institutes of Health, recommend correcting vitamin D deficiency in patients with autoimmune diseases but stop short of recommending high-dose supplementation for disease modification due to insufficient high-quality evidence. Overall, while vitamin D is routinely measured and supplemented in autoimmune patients with deficiency, its use as a disease-modifying therapy is not yet firmly established, warranting a moderate evidence rating.

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