Curcuminoids, the active compounds in turmeric (Curcuma longa), have been studied for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which underpin their use in conditions involving pain and inflammation, such as backache. Scientific evidence supporting curcuminoids for back pain is modest but present. Several randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews have evaluated turmeric or curcumin supplements for musculoskeletal pain, including low back pain. These studies generally show a statistically significant, but modest, reduction in pain scores compared to placebo, with effects similar to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in some cases. The mechanism is believed to be due to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and downregulation of inflammatory pathways, such as NF-κB.

However, the quality of evidence is limited by small sample sizes, short duration, and heterogeneity in study design and curcumin formulations (which often have low bioavailability). While side effects are rare and generally mild, the evidence is not robust enough to recommend curcuminoids as a first-line therapy for backache. Most guidelines do not mention curcuminoids for back pain specifically, but they may be considered as adjuncts for individuals seeking alternative therapies or those unable to tolerate NSAIDs. Ongoing research may clarify their role, but at present, the scientific support is moderate at best.