Polygonatum (commonly known as Solomon’s Seal) has a long history of use in traditional medicine systems, particularly in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), for supporting musculoskeletal health, including the relief of backache and joint pain. In TCM, Polygonatum species (notably Polygonatum sibiricum and Polygonatum odoratum) are considered to nourish the kidneys and strengthen tendons and bones. Since backache, especially chronic lower back pain, is often attributed to kidney deficiency in TCM theory, Polygonatum is frequently included in herbal formulas for this indication.

While there are numerous historical and ethnobotanical references to its use for backache, the scientific evidence supporting this traditional use is limited. A small number of laboratory and animal studies have examined the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory activities of Polygonatum extracts, but direct clinical evidence (i.e., randomized controlled trials in humans specifically targeting backache) is lacking. The available preclinical data suggest potential mechanisms that could be relevant to musculoskeletal health, such as reduction of inflammation and support of connective tissue repair, but these findings remain preliminary.

In summary, the use of Polygonatum for backache is primarily based on tradition, with some supportive but indirect scientific findings from in vitro and animal studies. Robust clinical research in humans is needed to validate its efficacy for this condition.