Evidence supporting the use of: Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin)
For the health condition: Birth Defects (prevention)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) has scientific evidence supporting its role in the prevention of certain birth defects, particularly neural tube defects (NTDs), although the evidence is not as strong or direct as for folic acid. Vitamin B12 is crucial for DNA synthesis and cell division, both of which are vital processes during early fetal development. Deficiency in B12 during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects in some epidemiological studies. The mechanism is believed to be related to B12’s role as a cofactor in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine, which is necessary for proper neural tube closure. Several observational studies have shown that low maternal B12 status is a risk factor for NTDs, and some studies suggest that women with both low folate and low B12 levels are at especially high risk. However, randomized controlled trials specifically investigating B12 supplementation for the prevention of birth defects are limited. Most prenatal supplements include B12 alongside folic acid because of their complementary roles in one-carbon metabolism and methylation. While folic acid remains the primary intervention for preventing NTDs, maintaining adequate B12 status is recommended, especially for women at risk of deficiency (such as vegetarians, vegans, or those with malabsorption issues). In summary, the scientific evidence justifies ensuring sufficient B12 intake during pregnancy for birth defect prevention, but it is considered supportive to folic acid, not a standalone preventive measure.

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