Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Beta-caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene found in many essential oils, notably in clove oil, black pepper, and cannabis. Its use for treating or supporting bites and stings is primarily rooted in traditional herbal medicine, rather than robust scientific research. For centuries, plants containing beta-caryophyllene—such as clove and black pepper—have been applied topically to insect bites and stings to alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, and accelerate healing. The rationale behind this traditional use is based on the known anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of these plants. Beta-caryophyllene is recognized as a selective agonist of the CB2 cannabinoid receptor, which is involved in modulating inflammation and immune responses. However, while there is scientific evidence supporting beta-caryophyllene’s general anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in animal and in vitro studies, direct clinical evidence for its efficacy specifically for insect bites and stings is lacking. Thus, while the traditional use is plausible and some mechanistic support exists, the evidence base is currently weak, and more focused research is needed to validate its effectiveness for this particular application.

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