Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 1

Ferns, particularly certain species like Dryopteris filix-mas (male fern) and Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern), have a history of use in various traditional medicinal systems for external applications, including the treatment of bites and stings. Folk medicine practices in Europe, Asia, and North America have included the topical application of crushed fern fronds or poultices to alleviate pain, inflammation, or itching associated with insect bites, wasp or bee stings, and even snakebites. The rationale behind this use was largely empirical, based on observed soothing effects rather than a clear understanding of active chemical constituents or mechanisms of action.

However, there is minimal scientific research to support the efficacy or safety of ferns for this purpose. While some ferns contain polyphenols and other phytochemicals with mild anti-inflammatory or antioxidant properties, these have not been specifically studied in the context of bites and stings. Furthermore, certain ferns can be toxic if ingested or applied to broken skin. The evidence rating is low (1) because the use is based on tradition and anecdote, not clinical trials or robust pharmacological studies. Modern medicine does not recommend ferns for treating bites and stings, and safer, more effective treatments are available.

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