Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Melaleuca alternifolia, commonly known as tea tree oil, is often used to support or treat bites and stings. Its use for this purpose is justified by both traditional practices and a moderate level of scientific evidence. Traditionally, indigenous Australians crushed tea tree leaves to treat wounds, insect bites, and skin infections, a practice reflected in modern topical applications. Scientifically, tea tree oil has demonstrated antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antipruritic (anti-itch) properties in several in vitro and animal studies. The oil’s primary active component, terpinen-4-ol, is believed to reduce inflammation and inhibit the growth of bacteria that can infect bites or stings.

Randomized controlled trials directly testing tea tree oil for insect bites and stings in humans are limited, but some small clinical studies and case reports suggest it can reduce redness, swelling, and itching associated with insect bites. For example, tea tree oil has shown efficacy in reducing histamine-induced skin inflammation, which supports its potential to relieve itching and swelling from stings and bites. However, due to the risk of allergic reactions or dermatitis in some sensitive individuals, tea tree oil should be used with caution and always diluted. Overall, the evidence base is moderate: stronger than tradition alone, but not robustly validated by large-scale clinical trials.

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