Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) is widely used to support urinary tract health, specifically for the bladder. The primary scientific rationale stems from research into cranberry's ability to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs), which commonly affect the bladder. The active compounds in cranberries, particularly proanthocyanidins, are believed to inhibit the adhesion of certain bacteria (notably Escherichia coli) to the lining of the urinary tract, making it harder for infections to take hold.

Numerous clinical trials and systematic reviews have evaluated cranberry products (juice, capsules, tablets) for UTI prevention. While some studies have shown a modest reduction in UTI recurrence, especially in women with recurrent infections, results are inconsistent, and the effect size is generally small. A 2012 Cochrane review concluded that cranberry products do not significantly reduce the occurrence of symptomatic UTIs overall, but some more recent studies and meta-analyses suggest there may be benefit in specific populations, such as women with recurrent UTIs.

There is little evidence that cranberry is effective for treating active infections or for supporting bladder health in the absence of infection. The scientific evidence supports cranberry as a preventive measure rather than a treatment, and its benefit is considered moderate at best. Overall, the use of cranberry for bladder support is justified by scientific evidence, though the strength of this evidence is moderate and not definitive.

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