Phyllanthus fraternus, often grouped with other closely related Phyllanthus species such as P. niruri, has a long history of use in traditional medicine systems, especially in Ayurveda and folk medicine across India and other parts of Asia. Traditionally, it is known as "Bhumi Amla" and is considered a potent herb for supporting urinary tract and bladder health. Historical texts and ethnobotanical surveys report its use in treating urinary tract infections, promoting diuresis, and supporting the expulsion of kidney or bladder stones (urolithiasis). The traditional rationale is based on its perceived ability to 'cleanse' the urinary system and reduce inflammation or irritation in the bladder.

While most scientific studies have focused on Phyllanthus niruri, there is some overlap in phytochemical composition and traditional uses between species. Compounds such as lignans, flavonoids, and tannins found in P. fraternus are thought to contribute to its purported benefits. However, rigorous clinical evidence specifically for P. fraternus and its effects on the bladder is limited, with most available support deriving from historical use, animal studies, or extrapolation from similar Phyllanthus species. Therefore, the evidence rating is moderate, reflecting strong traditional support but limited direct scientific validation.