Uva ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), also known as bearberry, has a long history of traditional use as a herbal remedy for urinary tract and bladder infections. This use is documented in various traditional European and Native American herbal medicine systems. The medicinal effect is largely attributed to its content of arbutin, a glycoside that is converted in the body to hydroquinone, an antimicrobial compound active in the urinary tract. Historical pharmacopeias and herbal texts from the 17th to 19th centuries frequently mention uva ursi as a diuretic and urinary antiseptic.

Scientific evidence supporting its efficacy, however, is limited and mixed. Some in vitro studies show that hydroquinone derivatives can inhibit the growth of bacteria responsible for urinary tract infections, such as E. coli. However, clinical trials in humans are scarce, and those that exist are generally small and of low quality. A 2010 review in the journal Drugs concluded that while there is some evidence for antimicrobial activity, robust clinical data are lacking. Safety concerns also exist, as hydroquinone is potentially toxic in high doses or with prolonged use.

In summary, the use of uva ursi for bladder infections is primarily supported by tradition, with limited and inconclusive scientific validation. It should not replace standard medical treatment for urinary tract infections.