Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Oak (Quercus spp.) has a long history of traditional use for treating external bleeding. Across various cultures, the bark, in particular, has been applied topically as a poultice or in the form of decoctions and washes for wounds, cuts, and abrasions to staunch bleeding. The efficacy is attributed to the high content of tannins present in oak bark, which are known for their astringent properties. These compounds can constrict tissues and blood vessels, thereby reducing bleeding and promoting wound healing. Ethnobotanical records from Europe, Asia, and North America document such uses, especially before the advent of modern antiseptics and hemostatic agents.

While modern scientific studies directly investigating oak bark for external bleeding are limited, the mechanism by which astringent tannins act is well-understood. Tannins precipitate proteins on the surface of tissues, forming a protective layer that can help stem blood flow and provide a barrier against infection. However, rigorous clinical trials are lacking, and most evidence remains anecdotal or based on traditional knowledge. As a result, oak bark’s use for external bleeding is considered justified by traditional practice, with a moderate level of supporting evidence due to the well-characterized action of tannins, but not by contemporary clinical research.

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