Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Various trees have been used traditionally to treat external bleeding, often through the application of their bark, leaves, or resins. For example, yarrow (Achillea millefolium), witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), and oak (Quercus species) are all plants classified as trees or large shrubs, whose extracts have been applied historically to wounds to help stop bleeding. Tannins present in the bark of oak and witch hazel act as astringents, helping to constrict blood vessels and promote clotting. Yarrow, while more of an herbaceous plant than a true tree, has also been used in folk medicine for its styptic properties. However, robust scientific validation for most tree-derived external styptics is limited. Most evidence is anecdotal or based on traditional herbal texts, though some in vitro studies have demonstrated astringent effects of plant tannins. Overall, while there is credible and widespread historical usage of certain trees for managing external bleeding, rigorous clinical studies confirming efficacy and safety are generally lacking, and the evidence supporting their use is considered moderate to weak by modern medical standards.

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