Paris polyphylla, known as "Chonglou" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has a long history of use for the treatment of skin conditions such as boils, abscesses, and carbuncles. The rhizome of Paris polyphylla is believed in TCM to "clear heat and detoxify," which aligns with its use in managing localized infections and inflammatory conditions like boils. Classical texts and modern TCM formularies frequently mention its application in topical and internal preparations for the resolution of pus and swelling. The main active compounds, steroidal saponins, are thought to contribute to these effects.

Scientifically, there is some in vitro evidence indicating that extracts of Paris polyphylla possess antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which could theoretically support its traditional use against skin infections. However, there are few robust clinical trials directly evaluating its efficacy and safety specifically for boils in humans. Most of the supporting data comes from laboratory or animal studies, or from case reports in the context of traditional practice. Therefore, while the traditional basis for its use is strong and there is preliminary pharmacological support, high-quality clinical evidence is lacking.