Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Amino acids have been investigated as adjunctive treatments in bulimia nervosa, with a basis in the neurobiology of eating disorders. Bulimia is associated with dysregulation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, which are synthesized from amino acids (e.g., tryptophan for serotonin, tyrosine for dopamine and norepinephrine). Some research suggests that deficiencies or imbalances in these amino acids may contribute to mood disturbances, impulsivity, and disordered eating behaviors that characterize bulimia. Supplementation with specific amino acids (notably tryptophan and tyrosine) has been explored to help restore neurotransmitter balance and reduce symptoms like bingeing and purging. However, clinical evidence is limited; most studies are small, preliminary, or focus on related conditions such as depression. There is no strong consensus or guideline recommending amino acid supplementation as a primary treatment for bulimia; rather, psychological therapies and SSRIs are preferred. Some clinicians may use amino acids as adjuncts in comprehensive treatment plans, particularly in cases of documented deficiency, but robust, large-scale clinical trials are lacking. Therefore, while the rationale is based on neurochemical pathways and there is preliminary scientific support, the overall evidence is weak and not sufficient to justify routine use in bulimia nervosa.

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