Bee products, particularly propolis and honey, have been studied for their effectiveness in treating canker sores (aphthous ulcers). Multiple clinical trials and systematic reviews suggest that these bee-derived substances can reduce pain, inflammation, and healing time in patients with canker sores. Propolis, a resinous mixture produced by bees, contains flavonoids, phenolic acids, and other bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. Several randomized controlled trials have shown that topical application of propolis extract accelerates ulcer healing and decreases pain compared to placebo or standard care. Similarly, honey has demonstrated efficacy in promoting wound healing and providing symptomatic relief, likely due to its antibacterial effects and its ability to maintain a moist wound environment.

For example, a 2020 systematic review (Al-Waili et al.) found that honey applications led to a significant reduction in healing time and pain scores for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Propolis gels and mouthwashes have also been evaluated in small clinical studies, with results indicating improved healing and reduced ulcer duration. While most evidence is positive, the overall quality of studies is moderate, with some heterogeneity in formulations and outcome measures. Therefore, while scientific evidence supports the use of bee products for canker sores, more large-scale, high-quality trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and establish standardized protocols.