Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) is a precursor to the amino acid L-cysteine and an important source of the antioxidant glutathione. Its use in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is primarily supported by scientific rationale rather than tradition. The main proposed mechanisms include its antioxidant properties, its ability to reduce oxidative stress, and its potential to improve endothelial function. Oxidative stress is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular conditions, and NAC's role in replenishing glutathione stores has been hypothesized to be beneficial in this context.

Several small clinical trials and animal studies have suggested that NAC may help reduce homocysteine levels, which are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Some studies have also reported improvements in endothelial function and reductions in markers of inflammation. However, the quality and size of the available studies are variable, and there is a lack of large, well-controlled clinical trials demonstrating a clear benefit of NAC supplementation for hard cardiovascular endpoints (such as heart attack or stroke) in humans.

Overall, while there is a plausible scientific basis for the use of NAC in supporting cardiovascular health, the level of clinical evidence remains modest. NAC is not a standard treatment for cardiovascular disease, and its use should be considered adjunctive rather than primary. More robust clinical research is needed to determine its true efficacy and safety in cardiovascular populations.

More about N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC)
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