Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors originally discovered for their ability to induce bone formation, but they also play a significant role in cartilage repair and regeneration. Scientific evidence supports the use of certain BMPs, particularly BMP-2 and BMP-7, in the treatment of cartilage damage. These proteins are part of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily and are known to regulate the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes, the cells responsible for producing cartilage matrix.

Preclinical studies in animal models have demonstrated that BMPs can stimulate cartilage regeneration and improve the quality of repair tissue after cartilage injury. For example, local application of BMP-7 has been shown to enhance cartilage repair in rabbit and goat models. Early-phase clinical studies have investigated the intra-articular application of BMPs in humans, suggesting potential benefits for cartilage healing, particularly when combined with other regenerative strategies such as scaffolds or cell-based therapies.

However, while the scientific rationale and preclinical data are strong, large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials are still limited, and regulatory approvals for BMP use in cartilage repair are not as well established as for bone healing. Safety concerns, such as the potential for ectopic bone formation, also require further study. Nonetheless, BMPs are widely studied and have a growing body of scientific support for their use in treating cartilage damage.