Evidence supporting the use of: Hyaluronic acid
For the health condition: Cartilage Damage

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is scientifically used to support or treat cartilage damage, particularly in the context of osteoarthritis. HA is a natural component of synovial fluid, where it functions as a lubricant and shock absorber for joints. Intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid—often called viscosupplementation—are approved for use in several countries to manage symptoms of osteoarthritis, especially of the knee.

Clinical studies have shown that HA injections can provide moderate relief of pain and improvement of joint function in some patients with knee osteoarthritis. The mechanism is thought to involve restoration of the viscoelastic properties of synovial fluid, anti-inflammatory effects, and possibly protection of cartilage from further degradation. However, evidence for its effectiveness is mixed: systematic reviews and meta-analyses report that the benefits are generally modest and may not be clinically significant for all patients. HA is not proven to reverse cartilage damage, but it may slow progression and improve joint function.

Professional guidelines vary in their recommendations. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) does not recommend routine use due to limited benefit, while other guidelines (e.g., European League Against Rheumatism) consider it an option in selected cases. Overall, hyaluronic acid’s use in cartilage damage is supported by moderate scientific evidence for symptomatic relief, but not for regeneration or substantial repair of cartilage.

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