Evidence supporting the use of: Stem Cells
For the health condition: Cartilage Damage

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Stem cells are increasingly studied and used for the treatment of cartilage damage, particularly in conditions such as osteoarthritis and focal cartilage defects. The scientific rationale is based on the ability of certain types of stem cells—especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, or umbilical cord—to differentiate into chondrocytes (cartilage cells) and secrete factors that may aid tissue repair and reduce inflammation. Preclinical animal studies have consistently shown that stem cell therapies can promote cartilage regeneration and improve joint function.

Clinical research is ongoing, with some randomized controlled trials and observational studies suggesting moderate improvements in pain, function, and cartilage quality following intra-articular injection of stem cells in humans. However, results are variable and often limited by small sample sizes, short follow-up durations, and heterogeneity in cell types and delivery methods. The overall quality of evidence is moderate, with some promising signals but insufficient long-term data to confirm robust, consistent clinical benefit.

Major orthopedic and rheumatology societies generally consider stem cell therapy for cartilage damage experimental, recommending its use primarily within clinical trials. Nevertheless, stem cell-based approaches are scientifically motivated and are not based on tradition. Ongoing research may further clarify their role, but as of now, the evidence supporting their routine use for cartilage repair is rated as moderate (3/5).

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