Evidence supporting the use of: Carotenoids
For the health condition: Cataracts

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Carotenoids, such as lutein and zeaxanthin, are used to support eye health and potentially reduce the risk of cataracts based on scientific evidence. These compounds are found in high concentrations in the lens and retina, where they act as antioxidants and filter harmful blue light. Oxidative stress is a known factor in cataract formation, and carotenoids' antioxidant properties may help mitigate this risk.

Several observational studies have suggested an association between higher dietary intake or blood levels of lutein and zeaxanthin and a lower risk of developing cataracts. For instance, the Nurses’ Health Study and other large cohort studies found that individuals with the highest intake of these carotenoids had a modestly lower risk of cataract extraction compared to those with the lowest intake. Randomized controlled trials, such as the AREDS2 (Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2), have primarily focused on age-related macular degeneration, but included secondary analyses regarding cataracts. The AREDS2 trial did not find a statistically significant reduction in cataract progression with carotenoid supplementation, though some subgroups showed potential benefit.

In summary, there is moderate scientific evidence (evidence level 3 out of 5) supporting the role of carotenoids in reducing the risk or slowing the progression of cataracts, primarily based on observational data, with less conclusive results from interventional trials. Dietary intake of carotenoid-rich foods is generally recommended for overall eye health.

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