Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Amino acids have been studied for their potential to reduce chemotherapy-induced side effects, such as mucositis, neuropathy, and muscle wasting (cachexia). Certain amino acids, notably glutamine, have demonstrated some benefit in small clinical trials for reducing the severity of oral mucositis—a common and painful side effect of chemotherapy. Glutamine is thought to support the repair and regeneration of mucosal cells and to improve nitrogen balance, which can be disrupted during intensive cancer treatment. Some studies have also explored the use of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) to help manage cancer-related cachexia and support muscle mass, though results are mixed. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews provide moderate evidence that oral glutamine supplementation can reduce the incidence or severity of mucositis in patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy, particularly for head and neck cancers. However, evidence is less clear for other chemotherapy side effects, and some guidelines caution against routine use due to inconsistent findings and potential tumor-promoting effects in certain contexts. Current clinical guidelines do not universally recommend amino acid supplementation for all chemotherapy patients, but it may be considered on a case-by-case basis, especially for those at high risk of nutritional deficiencies or severe mucositis. In summary, there is scientific rationale and moderate clinical evidence for specific amino acids to reduce some chemotherapy side effects, though further large-scale studies are needed to clarify efficacy and safety.

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