Boswellic acid, a major active component derived from the resin of Boswellia serrata (Indian frankincense), has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties. In the context of chemotherapy, recent scientific research has explored its potential to mitigate certain side effects, such as mucositis, cerebral edema, and inflammation-related symptoms. Several preclinical studies suggest that boswellic acids possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, which might help reduce chemotherapy-induced inflammation and tissue damage.

Limited clinical evidence exists supporting its effectiveness for this indication. A few small human studies and case reports suggest that Boswellia extracts may help reduce brain edema in patients undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy for brain tumors, with some reduction in steroid use. However, robust, large-scale randomized controlled trials are lacking, and existing studies often have methodological limitations. There is also preliminary evidence for its use in reducing oral mucositis severity in patients receiving chemotherapy, but again, the evidence is not strong.

Overall, while there is growing scientific interest and some early supportive data, the current level of evidence is modest (rated 2/5). More rigorous research is needed to confirm effectiveness and safety. Its use is not primarily traditional for this indication, but rather based on emerging scientific findings.