Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs)—leucine, isoleucine, and valine—have been investigated for their potential role in supporting chemotherapy patients, particularly in reducing some side effects such as cancer-related fatigue, muscle wasting (cachexia), and hepatic encephalopathy in liver cancer patients. The scientific rationale is based on BCAAs' ability to serve as alternative energy sources for muscles and their involvement in protein synthesis, which can help preserve lean body mass during catabolic states induced by chemotherapy. Some clinical studies, particularly in patients with liver cancer receiving chemotherapy or hepatic resection, have shown that BCAA supplementation may improve nutritional status, reduce protein-energy malnutrition, and help maintain muscle mass. There is also limited evidence that BCAAs may help reduce chemotherapy-induced fatigue and improve quality of life.

However, the overall quality of evidence remains modest. Most studies are small, heterogeneous in patient populations, use different BCAA formulations, and often lack rigorous blinding or placebo controls. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews suggest possible benefits in specific subgroups (such as patients with liver dysfunction), but do not support broad use of BCAAs for all chemotherapy side effects. Major oncology guidelines do not universally recommend BCAAs for chemotherapy support, except in select cases. In summary, while there is some scientific evidence for BCAA use in specific contexts (especially in hepatic cancers), the overall level of evidence is moderate to low (rated 2/5), and more robust clinical trials are needed.

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