Evidence supporting the use of: Alkaloid
For the health condition: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Alkaloids are a broad class of naturally occurring compounds, many of which possess pharmacological activity. In the context of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), certain alkaloids—most notably theophylline—have a long-standing role in treatment. Theophylline, a methylxanthine alkaloid, is structurally related to caffeine and is derived from tea leaves and cocoa beans. Its use in COPD is supported by scientific evidence, although it is now less commonly used due to side effects and the availability of more effective inhaled therapies.

Theophylline acts as a bronchodilator, relaxing smooth muscles of the airways and thereby improving airflow. It also has mild anti-inflammatory effects. Numerous clinical trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated that theophylline can improve lung function and reduce exacerbations in some patients with COPD, especially in settings where other therapies are unavailable or unaffordable. However, its narrow therapeutic window and risk for toxicity—manifesting as cardiac arrhythmias and seizures—limit its use. Other alkaloids, such as atropine and codeine, have historical or adjunctive roles (e.g., as anticholinergics or cough suppressants), but are not mainstays of COPD management.

In summary, the use of certain alkaloids, primarily theophylline, is scientifically validated for supporting COPD treatment, though the strength of evidence is moderate and their clinical use is now limited by safety concerns and the existence of superior alternatives.

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Products containing alkaloid

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