Andrographolide, a diterpenoid lactone extracted from Andrographis paniculata, has been investigated for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Scientific studies, primarily preclinical and limited early clinical research, suggest that andrographolide may have potential therapeutic effects in respiratory diseases, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The compound has demonstrated the ability to suppress inflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and modulating pathways like NF-κB and MAPK in cellular and animal models of lung inflammation. Some studies indicate that andrographolide may reduce airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus production in animal models of COPD or similar inflammatory lung diseases.

However, direct evidence from well-powered, high-quality randomized clinical trials in humans with COPD is limited. Most available data come from in vitro studies or animal experiments, with only a few small-scale human studies or pilot trials that are not specific to COPD. As a result, while there is a scientific rationale and some supportive mechanistic data, the evidence base is not robust or comprehensive enough to recommend andrographolide as a validated treatment for COPD. Clinical guidelines do not currently endorse its use for this purpose, and further research is required to confirm its efficacy and safety in COPD patients.