Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been investigated for their potential benefits in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The scientific rationale centers on their anti-inflammatory properties, as chronic inflammation contributes to COPD progression. Some small clinical trials and observational studies suggest that omega-3 supplementation may reduce markers of systemic inflammation and improve certain clinical parameters, such as exercise capacity or quality of life, in COPD patients. However, the evidence is mixed and not robust.

For example, a few randomized controlled trials have reported modest improvements in inflammatory markers (e.g., CRP, IL-6) or symptom scores, but others have found no significant benefit. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses generally conclude that the current evidence is insufficient to recommend omega-3 supplementation as a standard therapy for COPD. Most guidelines do not include omega-3s as part of COPD management.

In summary, while there is some scientific interest and preliminary evidence suggesting possible benefits of omega-3 fatty acids for COPD due to their anti-inflammatory effects, the overall quality and consistency of the evidence is low. More large and well-designed studies are needed before a clear clinical recommendation can be made.