Ginkgo biloba extract, which contains flavonoids and terpenoids, has been widely studied for its effects on cerebral circulation and cognitive function. Scientific interest has focused on its potential to improve blood flow, especially to the brain, due to its vasodilatory, antioxidant, and antiplatelet properties. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have explored Ginkgo's efficacy in improving symptoms of cognitive impairment and dementia, with mixed but generally positive results for mild to moderate cases. Some studies suggest that Ginkgo biloba extract may modestly enhance cerebral blood flow and cognitive performance in older adults or those with mild cognitive deficits, though effects tend to be small and results are sometimes inconsistent.

The primary compounds believed responsible are flavonoids and terpenoids, which may reduce oxidative stress and improve microcirculation. Ginkgo is thought to increase nitric oxide production, thereby promoting vasodilation and enhancing blood flow. However, the evidence for using Ginkgo specifically to support general brain circulation in healthy individuals is less robust than for cognitive impairment. Safety is generally good, but there is potential for drug interactions, especially with anticoagulants.

Overall, while traditional use is longstanding, there is a moderate level of scientific support (rated 3/5) for the use of Ginkgo flavones to support cerebral circulation, particularly in the context of age-related cognitive decline rather than as a general circulation enhancer in healthy people.