Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid most commonly found in fatty fish and fish oil supplements. There is substantial scientific evidence supporting the use of EPA to support the circulatory (cardiovascular) system. Multiple large-scale, randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated that EPA can lower triglyceride levels, a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease. For example, the REDUCE-IT trial (2019) showed that purified EPA (icosapent ethyl) significantly reduced major adverse cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with elevated triglycerides despite statin therapy. Mechanisms include EPA's anti-inflammatory effects, improvement in endothelial function, reduction of platelet aggregation, and stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques.

The American Heart Association recognizes the benefit of omega-3 fatty acids, including EPA, for reducing cardiovascular risk, particularly in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. However, while EPA is effective in lowering triglycerides and may provide additional cardiovascular benefits, it is not a substitute for other evidence-based interventions (such as statins or antihypertensive agents) when managing cardiovascular risk. Overall, the scientific validation for EPA’s positive effects on the circulatory system is strong, especially in secondary prevention and specific subgroups, warranting a rating of 4 out of 5.