Evidence supporting the use of: Vitamin K mixed)
For the health condition: Cirrhosis of the Liver

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Vitamin K is scientifically used to support patients with cirrhosis of the liver, primarily due to its critical role in the synthesis of clotting factors. Cirrhosis impairs the liver’s ability to produce these factors (specifically factors II, VII, IX, and X), which are all dependent on Vitamin K. As a result, patients with cirrhosis often present with coagulopathies, manifesting as prolonged prothrombin time or an increased risk of bleeding. Vitamin K deficiency in these patients may arise from several mechanisms, including impaired dietary intake, malabsorption due to cholestasis (which decreases fat-soluble vitamin absorption), and antibiotic use that disrupts gut flora responsible for synthesizing Vitamin K. Numerous clinical guidelines and reviews support the use of Vitamin K supplementation in cirrhotic patients who exhibit evidence of deficiency or unexplained bleeding. However, routine administration of Vitamin K does not improve coagulopathy in cirrhosis unless a deficiency is present, since most coagulopathies are due to impaired hepatic synthesis rather than a lack of Vitamin K. As such, Vitamin K is specifically indicated when there is laboratory or clinical evidence suggesting deficiency (e.g., in patients with cholestasis or malnutrition). In summary, the use of Vitamin K in cirrhosis is scientifically validated, but its effectiveness is limited to cases of deficiency. Empirical or prophylactic administration in all cirrhotic patients is not routinely supported by evidence.

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