Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Xanthium (commonly known as cocklebur) has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the relief of nasal congestion, sinusitis, and symptoms related to the common cold. In TCM, Xanthium fruit (Cang Er Zi) is a key component in formulas such as Cang Er Zi San, which is used to "dispel wind" and "open the nasal passages." Its traditional use is primarily aimed at alleviating symptoms like runny nose and headache, rather than directly targeting viral pathogens. While there are some in vitro studies suggesting that compounds in Xanthium may possess mild antiviral or anti-inflammatory activities, these findings are preliminary and not robustly validated in human clinical trials for colds or viral infections. Most of the available evidence for its use against colds is anecdotal or based on historical records, rather than modern pharmacological research. Safety concerns, such as potential toxicity (especially from seeds if not prepared properly), also limit its use. In summary, the use of Xanthium to support or treat colds is justified by historical and traditional practices, with only low-level scientific evidence supporting its efficacy as an antiviral agent.

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