Evidence supporting the use of: Basil
For the health condition: Colds (decongestant)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Basil (Ocimum basilicum), especially its close relative holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum, also called tulsi), has a long-standing role in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine for treating respiratory ailments, including the common cold. In these traditions, basil is prized for its purported expectorant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, and basil leaves or extracts are commonly used in teas or inhalations to help relieve symptoms such as nasal congestion and cough.

Scientific studies on common sweet basil as a decongestant are limited; however, holy basil has been more rigorously studied. Some animal and in vitro studies have shown that holy basil possesses anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial effects, which could theoretically contribute to relief from cold symptoms. There is mild evidence that basil essential oils can inhibit the growth of certain pathogens and may have mild bronchodilatory effects. However, clinical studies in humans are scarce and often have methodological limitations. The use of basil as a decongestant in colds is thus primarily supported by traditional use, with only modest scientific support for its efficacy. Overall, while there is a plausible basis for its effectiveness based on traditional use and limited laboratory data, robust clinical evidence is lacking, and further research is needed to confirm any direct decongestant effect in humans.

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