Evidence supporting the use of: Capsaicin
For the health condition: Colds (decongestant)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Capsaicin, the active compound in chili peppers, has a limited but notable scientific basis for use as a decongestant in the context of colds. Capsaicin exerts its effects primarily by activating the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors on sensory neurons, which can influence nasal secretions and the sensation of congestion. Several small clinical studies and trials have evaluated capsaicin nasal sprays, showing that they may reduce symptoms such as nasal congestion and rhinorrhea, likely due to their ability to desensitize nasal mucosal nerves and reduce neurogenic inflammation. However, the evidence is not robust: most studies are small, short-term, and sometimes focus on non-infectious rhinitis (such as vasomotor or allergic rhinitis) rather than acute viral upper respiratory infections (colds).

Traditional use of spicy foods, including those containing capsaicin, for relief of nasal congestion is widespread, and anecdotal evidence suggests that ingestion can lead to temporary relief via increased mucus clearance and a subjective sensation of improved airflow. Mechanistically, this is attributed to the stimulation of mucous membranes, leading to increased secretion and thinning of mucus. Overall, while there is plausible physiological rationale and some preliminary evidence, more rigorous, large-scale studies are needed to confirm capsaicin’s efficacy and safety as a decongestant specifically for colds.

More about capsaicin
More about Colds (decongestant)

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