Evidence supporting the use of: Elderberry
For the health condition: Colds (decongestant)

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) is traditionally used as a remedy for colds and flu, and its use is supported by some scientific evidence, though not conclusively. Elderberry contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids (notably anthocyanins), which are thought to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Several small-scale clinical studies have investigated elderberry extract, primarily in syrup form, for its effects on upper respiratory infections. A few randomized controlled trials have suggested that elderberry supplementation may reduce the duration and severity of cold symptoms, including nasal congestion, possibly by inhibiting viral replication and modulating immune response. For example, a 2016 meta-analysis in the journal Complementary Therapies in Medicine found elderberry supplementation to be effective in reducing upper respiratory symptoms. However, the quality and size of these studies are limited, and results are sometimes inconsistent. Major health organizations note that while elderberry is generally safe when used appropriately, more rigorous research is needed to confirm its efficacy and clarify the mechanism by which it might act as a decongestant. Thus, while elderberry’s use for colds has some scientific backing, it cannot be considered definitively proven.

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